Chapter 9
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success. In the 1950s, an addition of the
turnpike was added north and south. The
road ran north from Philadelphia to the
Scranton area. Because of this success, our
nation started an interstatebuildingprogram
in the late 1950s. Pennsylvania now has
more than1,700miles of interstate roads. All
of these roads arepaid for by taxes except the
Pennsylvania Turnpike. It is still a toll road.
The highway system of Pennsylvania
adds up to over 118,000 miles. You could
travel around the earth more than three
times with this many roads. We now have
23 interstate roads. We also are the fourth
largest state for miles of roads. Most of our
roads are now toll free. However, adults do
end up paying for the building and
repairing of roads and bridges — through
taxes and taxes built into gasoline prices.
There is a system of highways we do not
think about too much. Six feet beneath the
earth’s surface lies a network of
pipelines
that workers have built over the years. These
pipelines move huge amounts of products
such as natural gas, crude oil, refinedoil, and
fresh water. Today, electrical and cable lines
are also placed underground.
Water
Transportation
T
oday, water transportation is still a
very important way to move goods
and products in our state. From the
docks of Philadelphia, highways travelling in
all directions can be easily reached. Goods
can be transported to and from other
continents fromPhiladelphia.Huge amounts
of crude oil are refined into many different
products in the city. Philadelphia is one of
theworld’s largest oil refining centers.
Pittsburghhas the nation’s largest inland
port. Trade items canbe sent to24 states by
a 9,000-mile, inland waterway system.
The
Monongahela River
is one of the
busiest rivers for shipping tons of coal,
coke, and steel.
The port of
Erie
provides travel north and
west to Canada. Ships can also travel east
through LakeOntario to the AtlanticOcean.
ReviewQuestions
1. What is themain difference in theways street, cable, and trolley cars weremoved?
2. How did these cars change city life?
3. What invention allowed the automobile and airplane industries to take off?
4. Howmany Pennsylvania airports handle flights from all over theworld?
5. What was the Stanley Steamer?
6. What industrywas formed inAllentown?
7. What is a truck terminal?
8. What is an interstate road?
9. For what is the Pennsylvania Turnpike famous?
10. What products aremoved by pipelines?
11. Name the three important ports of Pennsylvania.
