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Chapter 8
War, which ended in 1865, thousands of
African-Americans moved from the South
to our cities. They moved for the same
reason that the Europeans did — to find
jobs. Our African-American population
increased from 65,000 in 1870 to more
than 191,000 in 1910.
By 1860, Philadelphia had a population of
one million people. By 1900, the city’s pop-
ulationhad increased tonearly threemillion
people. No other state except New York had
more immigrants than Pennsylvania.
New Ideas for the
Cities
T
he growing numbers of people
created new needs and demands in
the towns and cities of our state.
Newwayswereneeded tomeet thepeople’s
needs. People who lived in the cities could
not raise their own food. People who
worked 12 hours a day in factories did not
have time to raise their own food. They
needed a newway to get their food.
To solve this problem,
Henry Heinz
started a new food processing method in
1869. He placed cooked food in tin cans
and glass jars.With this process, food could
be saved for longer periods of time. Heinz
thought he would place his canned goods
in a grocery store. This became a popular
way for city people to get their food. Heinz
built his food processing factory in
Pittsburgh. To this day,Heinz foodproducts
are an important industry in Pittsburgh.
Farmers helped to solve the problem of the
demand for food for cityworkers. They began
to focus on specific crops or products for the
marketplace. Some farmers grew fruits and
vegetables for citymarkets. Other farmers just
raised chickens for the market. Some became
dairy farmers. Today, Pennsylvania is a
leading producer of dairy products.
In 1874, quite by accident,
Robert
Green
created the first ice cream soda at a
fair inPhiladelphia. Hemade a drinkout of
cream syrup and soda water. When he ran
out of syrup, he used ice cream instead. His
profits rose from $6 to $600 a day!
JohnWanamaker
had a new idea for
meeting clothing and household needs. In
1876, he opened the world’s first
department store in Philadelphia. For the
first time, people with little time to shop
could buymany different kinds of goods in
one store! The idea of a department store
was a good one.
In1879,
FrankWoolworth
had the idea
thatmanyhousehold items thatwereneeded
could be sold at cheaper prices. In that day,
he opened a store where no item sold for
more than a dime. These stores were called
Womenwrapping cans at the H.J. Heinz
Company. This process allowed food to be
stored for a longer period of time.
