Chapter 8
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131
George Westinghouse
solved some safety
problems. He invented several devices for the
railroads.Until 1868, trainswere stoppedwith
handbrakes that had tobepulledon each car.
Westinghouse invented
air brakes
. Air
brakes allowed one man to stop the entire
train. He also invented safety lights thatmade
it safer for trains to travel.
You can see that many old and new
industries grew so fast that Pennsylvania
became an industrial giant. This kind of
growthmeant progress.However, inour next
lesson, you will read about some problems
that were created by this rapid growth.
ReviewQuestions
1. Explainhow the
Age of BigBusiness
acquired itsname.Overwhat years did it occur?
2. Name at least four new industries that developed during this time?
3. Howwere the industrialists able to become so rich andwealthy?
4. Towhich two cities did the center of the iron industry switch?
5. What was amajor problemwith iron?
6. For what is AndrewCarnegie best known?
7. Howwas steel used to build items?
8. What is coke?
9. For what is HenryClay Frick best known?
10. For what is Charles Hall best known?
11. Whatmetal replaced iron inhousehold use?Why?
12. What two natural resources are used tomake glass?
13. Fromwhat natural resources is cementmade?
14. For what is JohnD. Rockefeller best known?
15. What was themost important natural resource hauled by our railroads?
16. For what is GeorgeWestinghouse best known?
Air brakes stopped this train.
