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United States Political Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii
United States Physical Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iii
Pennsylvania Political Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv
Pennsylvania Physical Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v
Pennsylvania State Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vi
Table of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Chapter I: Understanding Our Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
Lesson 1: Location and Climate of Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Lesson 2: Landforms and Regions of Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . .8
Lesson 3: Water Forms of Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11
Lesson 4: Natural Resources of Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Chapter II: Understanding Our History–
Early Inhabitants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
Lesson 5: Native American Inhabitants of Pennsylvania . . . . . . .22
Lesson 6: Early European Settlements in Pennsylvania . . . . . . .26
Lesson 7: The Founding of Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Lesson 8: Pennsylvania Becomes a
Religious and Cultural Haven . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Chapter III: Understanding Our History–
ANewNation Emerges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40
Lesson 9: A Clash of Two Empires in Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . .42
Lesson 10: Anger Among the Colonists with England’s Rule . . . .46
Lesson 11: The American Colonies’ Revolutionary War . . . . . . . .50
Lesson 12: A NewNation Emerges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Chapter IV: Understanding Our History–
Early Growth and Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
Lesson 13: Mountains of Pennsylvania Hinder Industrial Growth .60
Lesson 14: Pennsylvania Catches Canal Fever . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64
Lesson 15: SteamEngine Fever, Railroads, and Coal . . . . . . . . .68
Lesson 16: The Iron Industry Expands, The Oil Industry Emerges 72
Lesson 17: The Civil War Comes to Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Chapter V: Understanding Our History–
An Industrial Giant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80
Lesson 18: The Economics of the Industrial Revolution . . . . . . . .82
Lesson 19: Age of Big Business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86
Lesson 20: Railroads Grow as New Industries Emerge . . . . . . . .90
Lesson 21: Industrial Growth CreatesMajor Problems . . . . . . . .94
Lesson 22: Modern Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98
Chapter VI: Understanding Our Government . . . . . . . . . . . .102
Lesson 23: Why is Good Government So Important? . . . . . . . . .104
Lesson 24: Our State Government . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108
Lesson 25: Our Local and County Governments . . . . . . . . . . . .112
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .116
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120
